Moonsword Sun Aug 01, 2010 4:45 am
When you heat something, the atoms become excited and move around a lot, so everything expands out to make room for this movement, when you cool it, the atoms become lazy and stop moving around as much and are drawn closer together making things shrink.
The only reason why water expands when it freezes is because a H2O molecule is not perfect, there are tiny little positive and negative charges within it, to explain:
....O
..../.\
..H..H
[Ignore the .'s, I had to use them for spaces]
There we have a water molecule, on top of the Oxygen atom there is a tiny negative charge, not much, but it is there, and on the end of both Hydrogen atoms is a tiny positive charge, when water starts to freeze, the negative and positive charges start to join up, making a lattice work of water molecules which is bigger than what it would be if all the molecules are just jammed together, this lattice work also allows frozen water to trap other molecules within itself, hence why there are air bubbles in ice.
In principle, when you compress things they cool, this is how an air conditioner works, they have gases and a compressor, when the compressor is active, it is compressing all the gases in the pipe work of itself, rapidly cooling it, this cool gas is pumped around the pipe works though big heat sinks when air is pushed through the heat sinks by a fan, cooling the air before it is pushed back out into the room, thus cooling the room